Background
Traditionally, laminate strength predictions require at least five parameters: X,X’,Y,Y’,S. Some models even demand more. Our innovation drastically simplifies this by focusing solely on X (longitudinal tensile strength) and X’ (longitudinal compressive strength).
This concept extends netting analysis, used to evaluate vessel burst pressures, and assumes that resin-dependent strengths (Y, Y’,S) are negligible by setting their moduli (Ey and Es) to zero.
Benefits
- Simplified Strength Ranking:
- Similar to stiffness ranking using trace, laminate strength ranking now depends only on X and X’.
- If Material A is 20% stronger than Material B, it remains 20% stronger across all laminates.
- Efficient Testing and Design:
- Testing needs are reduced drastically: only 15 tests for 15 materials instead of 225 material/laminate combinations.
- Strength scaling between laminates becomes straightforward, eliminating redundant testing.
- Practical and Accurate:
- Using [90/0] coupons simplifies X and X’ measurement, reducing failure loads and simplifying gripping.
- The X−X’ failure envelopes provide consistent results across all laminates, enabling easier comparisons and predictions.
Applications
- Reliable Failure Criteria:
- Composite laminates are tested under combined stresses, but uniaxial tensile/compressive strengths (X, X’) remain critical for validation.
- Red envelopes in the results demonstrate X−X’ based predictions matching real-world laminate data, verified by tests from institutions like Wichita State University and the University of Porto.
- Scalable Strength Assessment:
- Laminate strength data (closer to structural performance) hold higher relevance than individual ply data.
- The simplified approach advances testing and design, aligning composite practices closer to those of metals.
Transform Composite Design with X and X’
Our simplified model revolutionizes laminate strength prediction, offering faster, more reliable, and cost-effective solutions for composite engineering.
👉 Learn More
👉 Download the Strength Guide
Let’s reshape composite testing for a stronger, simpler future!
